It's confusing -- there's USB 3, 3.1, Gen 2, and USB C. USB C is just the connector type, while a Gen 2 USB port can be USB C, or use the standard connector we're used to. Gen 2 USB ports are the fastest.
There's also something called UASP, which is a protocol for faster data transfer. It's built-in to win10, though it can be added to win7 via drivers for some devices or motherboards. For it to work the electronics in the external drive housing must support it, and levels of support [how well & often it works] vary by brand/model.
wikipedia[.]org/wiki/USB_Attached_SCSI
So OK, you want a Gen 2 USB port & UASP -- the 3rd piece of the puzzle, that I've just found out is available, is an external drive housing supporting Gen 2 USB & UASP, that also accepts a NVMe drive. They're not cheap, but if you really need that sort of data transfer speed, they're not out of the question either. I've said in another post that I didn't think personally that internal NVMe drives made a tremendous difference compared to SATA SSDs, because most people don't need or have use for those fastest transfer speeds. In an external drive, where you're most always transferring data back & forth, those highest speeds might be useful. If you used one of the faster NVMe drives, this sort of setup is likely the fastest external drive possible.